Even oligopolistic capitalism is very decentralized.

I haven't researched NACs yet. But think of a natural asset like Kenyan elephants' ivory tusks as living in an auction market in which tourism and safaris' revenue channeled back into the Maasai communities near the parks must outbid the returns offered by poaching. If NACs raise the custodians' returns over those offered by short-term harvesting, they'll work. Thanks for reading.