A pro-Soviet coup in 1929 preceded the official 1944 incorporation of Tuva into the USSR and ended Tuvans' nominal independence.

They're one example of how Russia is a hybrid Slavo-Turkic empire with a clear racial hierarchy: Slavs on top. Your description of Tuvan infrastructure shows how Russia is a 500 year old Muscovite commodity extraction kleptocracy, with the resources under the land of the non-Russian parts feeding Moscow. The solution for the Turkic parts of the empire: breakup the empire.